A different type of thinking ...

A different type of thinking

Schools are interconnected networks that can be either purposefully woven and crafted into a grand tapestry or carelessly neglected and snagged until only a knotted, tangled mess is left.

    Educators need to develop a whole new approach to teaching and learning.  The education students receive must prepare them for the dynamic, ambiguous future ahead of them. This means tailoring curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of the students, using technology as an effective tool, and creating a culture of inquiry and collaboration in the classroom focused on the future. It must also include a systematic approach to education to amplify learning and instruction.   Through continuous efforts to increase their capacity, schools can truly become places of learning where students can thrive and reach their goals.

                We cannot simply rely on the same types of thinking that have brought us to our current state. We must recognize that to affect the level of school improvement necessary to provide students with the level of education they will need in their future we must strive to implement better ideas designed to create better results. A strong and progressive education system is essential for developing the talent and skill base necessary to compete in the world market and defend the sovereignty of the US. It is up to us to ensure that our students have what they need to succeed.

    Part of this “new type of thinking” involves shifting our focus from what is wrong to looking for what is good and improving it. To be clear, this is not to say that we should ignore the problems in schools, nor am I stating that they are unimportant. What I am proposing is that rather than focus on learning about problems and focusing on what we already know is broken, we agree to focus on solutions and recognize that a good deal of what occurs in schools is the result of caring, skilled teachers interacting with students with a desire to learn and be successful.

If we spend all our efforts focusing on what is broken, how it got broken, or who to blame, when will we have time to make things better?

    The title of this article is, in part, it is a reference to a quote often attributed to Albert Einstein “We cannot solve the problems of today with the same type of thinking that we used to create them.” There is debate as to whether that is what Einstein said; however, Einstein did recognize that the development of atomic weapons changed how diplomacy would be carried out in the future.  I would argue that the same level of understanding must be adopted to create the change in the educational system necessary to prepare students to meet the challenges they will face.

    This different type of thinking will be guided by ten fundamental principles.  The first of these principles comes from positive psychology scholars who have developed the concept of appreciative inquiry (AI), a powerful change process based on the principle that organizations can decide to change. 

1.       Stop Trying

2.       Simple thinking won’t solve wicked problems.

3.       Schools must be places of learning.

4.       The right thing is not optional.

5.       Positive organizational leadership is not just being happy.

6.       If everyone is responsible, then no one is accountable.

7.       Schools require students and families.

8.       Great schools are great because they build staff capacity.

9.       Everyone must row in the same direction.

10.   Culture is king. 

 

Reforming Education

United Nations Development Program

     What does learning look like?  Somewhere along the way to improve education, it has been damaged. The awesomeness of "eureka" transformed into normative bubbles.  The wonderful experience of falling down repeatedly until finally a first glorious step is taken replaced with a paralyzing fear of failure.    Inspirational feats of high performance  have been standardized.

    In reading Andy Hargreaves' article, describing the ways that the educational system has changed, I found myself reflecting on the reason that I choose to be an educator.  It was a long time ago, but I know that it was not to subject students to endless barrages of tests that arbitrarily label them as "partially-proficient" or "advanced."  I do see the value of knowing where my students and my skills fall in relation to others.  The series of reforms that the educational system has undergone in the past thirty years has helped move education forward; however, the road to improving education is far from complete.

Hargreaves (2009) classified the ways in which school reform has been implemented.  The first way of reform involved teachers' independent efforts to increase pedagogical efficiency (Hargreaves, 2009).  According to Hargreaves, the independent nature of teacher initiated reform resulted in an effort to standardized the educational system.  The standardized system then resulted in Hargreaves' third way which involved top-down efforts to force reform on schools through a system of threats and intimidation.

Through an extensive study of educational reform and educational systems, Hargreaves (2009) derived a “Forth Way” to reform education, consisting of purposeful partnerships, principles of professionalism, and catalysts for coherence.

     Five pillars of purposeful partnerships:

1.    An inspiring inclusive vision:  We need to develop a shared vision for education that addresses essential needs of society that extends beyond reading, writing, and arithmetic.  The educational system needs to prepare students for their future.

2.    Public engagement: Re-energize the public's passion for education

3.    No achievement without investment:  Educating children requires investments beyond money; society has to put forth the effort and time to educate their children.  Replace technology time with time for tikes.

4.    Corporate educational responsibility:  Self-serving corporate support for educating children to learn skills that serve their industry needs to be changed to supporting the needs of society.

5.    Students as partners in change:  Empower students through establishing their responsibility for their training, and monitoring their success.


Three principles of professionalism

1.    High-quality teachers: If we want high-quality people to teach then we must provide a competitive salary.  Teachers also bear the responsibility of earning prestige and persevering the integrity of their profession.

2.    Powerful professionalism:  Teachers collaborate and challenge each other to increase the performance of the educational system.

3.    Lively learning communities:  Teachers involved in collaborative, data based, ongoing improvement to refine instruction.

Four catalysts of coherence:

1.    Sustainable Leadership: The job of leading and managing a school involves an extensive number of factors resulting in leaders burning out.  Utilize distributed leadership to increase stakeholder buy-in and share the responsibilities.

2.    Net with no nanny: Professional network driven by a shared vision but without a "nanny" to intervene allowing teachers to deepen their practices free from the whims of trendy innovation.

3.    Responsibility before accountability: Teachers are responsible for the performance of all children.  Multiple sources of data continuously collected to monitor the performance of teachers.

4.    Build from the bottom, steer from the top: Teachers set high standards objectives to improve learning through a system of collective responsibility.


The top-down reform measure of No Child Left Behind has resulted in increasing the number of schools classified as unacceptable and deemed “broken," by the US Secretary of Education.  The idea that teachers have a monopoly on education is not viable.  Educators and politicians must share the responsibility for education with parents, community members, corporations, and students.  Somewhere the vision for education became meeting standards and not preparing students for their future.

By Rob Koch

References

Hargreaves, A. (2009), The fourth way of change: Towards an Age of inspiration and sustainability. in Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (Eds.). (2009). Change wars. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.

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Preparing Students for Their Future: Dual Enrollment

Preparing Students for Their Future: Dual Enrollment in High Schools

Increasingly high school students are taking advantage of the opportunity to attend college courses while enrolled in high school.  This practice of dual enrollment offers a means for some students to get a head start on their college career.  Many times the school district will pay for the students’ tuition, if they pass their classes.  This has the potential to increase college attendance for many low income or minority students who are underrepresented on college campuses.  The question that remains is how effective are dual enrollment programs?

A recent study indicated that dual enrollment programs are working.  They found that dual enrolled students out performed traditionally enrolled students even in their second year of college (Crouse & Allen, 2014).  Furthermore, dual enrollment increases student enrollment in four-year programs.  The same study found that 58 percent of Iowa’s dual enrolled students attended a four-year college compared to 42 percent of all Iowa high school graduates (Crouse & Allen, 2014).  However, another study found that students who participate in dual enrollment in a four-year college were 200% more likely to earn a four-year degree than those beginning in a community college (Pretlow, 2014).  Dual enrollment increases student attendance and performance in college; however, the direction that students take after graduating high school is important to consider.

While dual enrollment helps students to perform better in their college classes, high schools can improve their dual enrollment programs.  Dual enrolled students are more likely to take introductory humanities courses than math, sciences or career related courses (Crouse & Allen, 2014; Khazem & Khazem, 2012).  Khazem and Khazem noted the importance of dual enrolled students receiving college level counseling that focuses students on academic-career paths.  Furthermore, they also point out that exposure to career track courses provides students access to labs and facilities not available in traditional high schools (Khazem & Khazem, 20012).  Providing students with the opportunity to learn more about the career path that they have decided upon can work to increase students’ motivation to continue on to college once they graduate from high school. 

Scheduling and transportation poses a potential barrier for many high schools when considering dual enrollment.  Enrollment through online courses helps with scheduling and can help address the transportation barrier that is common with minority students (Khazem & Khazem, 20012).  However, this does not provide students with the experience of attending school on a college campus with other college students.  For many students, the college experience plays a key role in building student efficacy.  Another option that also has similar drawbacks is having the college instructor teach the class on the high school campus.

While dual enrollment can play an important role in preparing high school students for college, high schools can adopt practices that will increase student success in college.  High schools can teach writing practices that focus on substantiating one’s claims, and providing proper citations; use syllabi modeled after ones used in college courses, and develop critical thinking skills to prepare students for college (Khazem & Khazem, 20012). 

Further Information

To learn about dual enrollment for you child, contact your child's high school.

http://www.wiche.edu/info/cacg/meetings/boulder13/white.pdf Provides an overview of dual enrollment in Colorado.

References

Crouse, J. D., & Allen, J. (2014). College Course Grades for Dual Enrollment Students. Community College Journal Of Research & Practice, 38(6), 494-511. doi:10.1080/10668926.2011.567168

Khazem, J. H., & Khazem, H. A. (2012). Dual enrollment: The way forward. International Journal Of Education Research, 7(2), 135-150.

Pretlow, J. (2014). Dual enrollment, community colleges, and baccalaureate degree attainment. Community College Journal Of Research & Practice, 38(2/3), 264-269. doi:10.1080/10668926.2014.851981

What if School Was Invented Today?

What if school was invented today?  What would it look like? How would students learn and teachers teach?  The obvious answer is in school or online....Don't be obvious!

Think of the time that you learned the most.  How did you learn? How do they communicate? Was it in school?  I bet not... we need to change that...

Stage 1:
When answering this question don't think "outside the box," pretend the box does not even exist!  Part of this challenge is thinking of the right questions to ask. Questions like "If the body of knowledge that the world create is changing so fast how does one keep up?"  or "What are THE most important things to learn when in a matter of minutes you can learn almost anything?"

So the first stage in this process is creating the "right questions."  What are the right questions?

Please use your comment to post your "questions"  or if you are ambitious add to the presentation.